Genome-wide association mapping of genotype-environment interactions affecting yield-related traits of spring wheat grown in three watering regimes

Genotype-environment interaction (GxE) has a great impact on wheat physiology, morphology and grain yield (GY). We evaluated an association mapping panel of spring advanced lines for chlorophyll content, canopy temperature (CT), yield-related traits under three different watering regimes in two consecutive growing seasons. Genome-wide identified 457 SNPs, with significant effects that varied the seasons, which 199 69 SNPs showed pleiotropic conditionally neutral effects, respectively, measured traits. mapped 61 higher than 10% all traits, showing antagonistic CT, corresponding to 46 genes; some these genes represent good candidates control response water availability. Surprisingly, no were semi-dwarfing genes, Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b. However, haplotype analysis located at positions both revealed interactions GY season selected genotypes outperformed local check cultivars; them overlapped across could be used create multi-parent population further unravel genetic factors underlying component drought stress. Our results demonstrate importance incorporating GxE models better understand select stable markers selection.